ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: COViK, a prospective hospital-based multicenter case-control study in Germany, aims to assess the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against severe disease. Here, we report vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19-caused hospitalization and intensive care treatment during the Omicron wave. METHODS: We analyzed data from 276 cases with COVID-19 and 494 control patients recruited in 13 hospitals from 1 December 2021 to 5 September 2022. We calculated crude and confounder-adjusted VE estimates. RESULTS: 21% of cases (57/276) were not vaccinated, compared to 5% of controls (26/494; p < 0.001). Confounder-adjusted VE against COVID-19-caused hospitalization was 55.4% (95% CI: 12-78%), 81.5% (95% CI: 68-90%) and 95.6% (95%CI: 88-99%) after two, three and four vaccine doses, respectively. VE against hospitalization due to COVID-19 remained stable up to one year after three vaccine doses. CONCLUSION: Three vaccine doses remained highly effective in preventing severe disease and this protection was sustained; a fourth dose further increased protection.
ABSTRACT
We included 852 patients in a prospectively recruiting multicenter matched case-control study in Germany to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing COVID-19-associated hospitalization during the Delta-variant dominance. The two-dose VE was 89 % (95 % CI 84-93 %) overall, 79 % in patients with more than two comorbidities and 77 % in adults aged 60-75 years. A third dose increased the VE to more than 93 % in all patient-subgroups.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Vaccines , Adult , Humans , Case-Control Studies , COVID-19/prevention & control , Hospitalization , Hospitals , Germany/epidemiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In patients with Covid-19, typical and often severe lung lesions have been reported. In addition to the use of chest CT, the diagnostic benefit of lung ultrasound has been advocated.This trial investigates if in patients presenting with symptoms compatible with Covid-19, lung ultrasound is of use in the early differential diagnosis. METHODS: This study includes 46 patients of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic (23 with confirmed infection, 23 controls with later on excluded infection), who were initially admitted to the Covid Decision Unit of an academic teaching hospital under the clinical suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection. All patients were examined by pulmonary ultrasound shortly after admission. The final diagnosis of infection was made or ruled out by means of - sometimes repeated - PCR of nasal/pharyngeal swabs.Findings of SARS-CoV-2 patients and controls were compared and analyzed for significant differences in chest sonographic parameters. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the lung ultrasound findings of both groups. In the Covid group there were significantly fewer A-lines, more pathological B-lines (increased or confluent) and more consolidations. Pleural effusions were significantly more frequent in the control group. The calculated lung ultrasound score (LUS) was higher in the Covid group than in the control group. However, a reliable differentiation between the two groups was not possible due to the wide range and overlap.â CONCLUSION: In a clinical setting, lung ultrasound reveals more frequent and different lesions in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients than in patients in whom the initial clinical suspicion was not confirmed. However, due to the overlap of findings between the two groups, lung ultrasound was not suitable to differentiate with sufficient certainty between SARS-CoV-2 infected and non-infected patients.